Exogenous glycinebetaine application improves yield under water-limited conditions in hybrid sunflower

Limited water availability is a severe threat to the sustainability of crop production. Exogenous application of glycinebetaine (GB) has been found very effective in reducing the adverse affects of water scarcity. This study was conducted to examine the role of exogenous GB application in improving the yield of hybrid sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) under different irrigation regimes. There were three levels of irrigation: Control (four irrigations), three irrigations (irrigation missing at budding stage) and two irrigations (irrigation missing at budding and grain formation stage) in the experiment. While GB was applied exogenously at 100 mM GB each at budding and grain formation stages, the Control treatment did not receive any GB application. Data regarding yield, yield components and quality parameters showed that water stress reduced the head diameter, number of achene per head, 1000-achene weight and yield. Nonetheless, it was significantly improved by the exogenous GB application. Among the qualitative characteristics, protein contents were significantly increased by water stress at different growth stages but were reduced by exogenous GB application. Whilst oil contents were reduced by drought at different stages, GB application, however, did not ameliorate the negative effect of drought stress on achene oil contents. The effects of water stress and foliar application of GB were more pronounced when applied at vegetative stage than at the reproductive stage. Moreover, exogenous GB application was only advantageous under stress conditions.     

利用外源种质选育优良玉米自交系及强优势杂交种的实践与思考

以外引杂交种 785 99为基础材料分离获得优良玉米自交系齐 319。以齐 319为亲本与不同类群测验系杂交 ,所配组合均表现较强的杂种优势 ,特别是具有突出的抗锈病能力。其中鲁单 5 0即鲁原 92×齐 319优势最强。 1995～ 1997年在山东省区域试验和生产试验中产量居首位 ,并表现抗病、抗倒能力强 ,是目前生产上多抗性最好的优良品种之一 ,1999年山东省推广面积达 6 9 7× 10 4 hm2 。     

棉花DNA导入苎麻的RAPD验证

为了寻找通过超干胚浸泡法已经将湘棉１２号ＤＮＡ导入苎麻湘苎３号基因组中的分子证据,对所产生的变异后代进行了ＲＡＰＤ验证,所用８０个随机引物中,有６个引物检测出变异材料９７－２４与受体的ＤＮＡ多太 ,３个引物检为异材料９７－２８与受体的多太,４个引物检为异材料９７－４与受体的多态性,并且有２个引物在变异后代中扩增出供体特异带,这些结果说明棉花ＤＮＡ导入苎麻后引起了后代基因组的变异。     

4种外源激素对长春花生物碱积累的影响

分别用茉莉酸、乙烯利、乙酰水杨酸、色氨酸等4种试剂的不同质量浓度的溶液,处理温室盆栽的长春花成苗和幼苗。在处理2d后,测定长春花叶片中的吲哚生物总碱、长春碱、长春质碱和文多灵碱的含量。结果表明,4种试剂对长春花植物中吲哚生物碱的积累有明显的促进作用。     

外源ABA对低温胁迫下青花菜植株生长及若干生理特性的影响

对低温胁迫下不同品种青花菜生长情况及SOD和POD酶活性进行分析,并以‘翠绿’品种为试材,研究外源ABA对植株低温胁迫的缓解作用.结果表明:(1)低温胁迫抑制株高、茎粗的增长,SOD、POD活性及可溶性糖含量显著降低;不同品种对低温胁迫的响应不同,‘翠绿’、‘蔓陀绿’品种受低温胁迫的影响较大,‘优秀,、‘DICICCO' (AU)品种受低温胁迫的影响较小.(2) 100mg· L-1脱落酸(ABA)处理对提高‘翠绿’的株高、茎粗效果显著; 50、100、150 mg·L-1 ABA处理的植株SOD、POD活性均显著高于对照(0mg·L-1ABA),其中,100 mg·L-1 ABA对SOD、POD活性的提高效果最为显著.(3)外源ABA可显著提高‘翠绿’植株可溶性糖含量,在低温处理15 d并恢复处理15 d后,50、100、150 mg· L-1 ABA处理的可溶性糖含量均显著高于对照并保持在较高水平.     

妊娠后期母猪和仔猪补饲外源精胺对初生和28日龄仔猪肠道形态结构及二糖酶活性的影响

本文通过研究妊娠后期母猪和仔猪补饲外源精胺对初生和28日龄仔猪肠道形态结构和二糖酶活性的影响,初步探讨干预“仔猪早期断奶综合征”的技术措施.试验第1阶段,选择6头体重和膘情相近、胎次为3、已怀孕91 d的健康“长×大”母猪,随机分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ3个组,每个组设2个重复,每个重复1头母猪.Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组妊娠母猪饲粮中外源精胺的添加量为0、1.5和3.0 mg/kg,饲喂至分娩结束;第2阶段,分娩后母猪采食同一种不含外源精胺的饲粮,Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组哺乳仔猪于7日龄起相应补饲外源精胺添加量为0、3.0和6.0 mg/kg的哺乳仔猪饲粮至28日龄.在仔猪初生和28日龄时,分别从每窝仔猪中选1头接近平均体重的健康仔猪进行屠宰,用于胃肠发育指标的测定.结果表明:与未添加外源精胺相比,妊娠母猪饲粮添加3.0 mg/kg外源精胺显著提高了初生仔猪十二指肠和回肠的柱状细胞数量、十二指肠和空肠的杯状细胞数量(P＜0.05),显著增加了空肠隐窝深度(P＜0.05),显著提高了麦芽糖酶和蔗糖酶比活力(P＜0.05);哺乳仔猪饲粮添加6.0 mg/kg外源精胺显著增加了28日龄仔猪空肠黏膜重(P＜0.05),显著提高了十二指肠和空肠的麦芽糖酶和蔗糖酶比活力(P＜0.05),极显著增加了空肠柱状细胞和杯状细胞数量(P＜0.01),极显著增加了十二指肠和空肠隐窝深度(P＜0.01).因此,在妊娠后期母猪和哺乳仔猪饲粮中添加外源精胺有利于初生和28日龄仔猪肠道形态结构的改善和二糖酶活性的提高.     

施加外源乙烯时机对MA贮藏桃果实品质的影响

为了改善桃果实低温贮藏期间品质降低情况,探讨了大久保桃果实在低温条件下自发气调（MA）贮藏期间,不同时间（0、15和30 d）加入外源乙烯处理（50～80 μL/L）的效果,测定在贮藏期间及20℃下回温3 d后果实的硬度、可溶性固形物含量（SSC）、腐烂指数、可滴定酸（TA）、总糖、维生素C（Vc）的含量。结果表明,在0℃下MA贮藏15、30 d加入外源乙烯处理能较好地保持果实的质地、可溶性固形物含量,降低桃果实的腐烂率。同时15 d时加入外源乙烯处理还能较好地保持总糖和Vc含量,但对可滴定酸的影响与其他MA处理差异不显著。研究表明,MA贮藏大久保桃果实在第15天进行外源乙烯处理效果最好。     

用酶联免疫吸附试验检测鸡白血病以及控制、根除鸡白血病措施的探讨

用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA),对2群鸡的鸡蛋清和1株鸡的马立克氏病疫苗进行检测,发现2群鸡的鸡蛋清中,鸡白血病病毒的阳性率分别是11％和29％,鸡马立克氏病冻干苗隐藏鸡白血病病毒群体特异性(gs)抗原的阳性率为100％。本文指出我国禽苗可能带有鸡的白血病病毒,分析讨论了鸡白血病病毒的垂直传递和水平传播的规律,提出在曾祖代和祖代鸡群中,采用ELISA试验,检测鸡蛋清,能减少以至根除鸡的白血病。     

The effect of exogenous purine supply on the endogenous excretion of purine derivatives in the urine of growing lambs

An experiment was made to determine the absorption of purine metabolites in dietary nucleic acids through the digestive tract, and also to determine the utilization of nucleic acids absorbed in the body, using growing lambs. Two pairs of 120‐ and 180‐day‐old twin female lambs with a bodyweight of 18.2–19.0 kg were kept in metabolism crates and fed on purine‐free milk replacement (MR) with supplements of exogenous purine (purine base or purine nucleoside) at a level of 0.2 mmol/BW^0.75/d for 5 consecutive days, and thereafter they were maintained in the crates for 4 days. The daily amount of exogenous purine supply was calculated based on the urinary excreted purine derivatives (PD) in lambs fed on milk replacement alone. A urine sample was collected daily for 9 consecutive days, and the urinary excretion of PD was determined daily. Urinary PD excretion opened to increase within 24 h after the dose of purine bases, and the level was recovered on 3 days after ceasing the exogenous purine supply. The recovery of PD in the urine was about 70% of the purine supplement. When purine nucleosides were added to the feed, urinary PD excretion was initiated within 24 h after dosing, and the values were recovered after ending the purine nucleoside supply. The recovery rate of PD in the urine was only 30% of the supplemented purine. The plasma allantoin levels were almost similar after feeding purine bases and purine nucleosides, and the values were mostly in the range (40–60 µmol/L). These findings indicate that an exogenous purine can be directly incorporated into the body, and the purine as nucleoside is more effectively utilized for the synthesis of nucleic acids than as a purine base in the body of growing lambs.     

The antihistaminic chlorpheniramine inhibitsin vitro growth of several fungi isolated from harvested fruits

Chlorpheniramine (CPA) is an antihistaminic that changes the conformation of DNA and inhibits polyamine biosynthesis in mammalian cells. In the present work, we tested the effect of CPA on four genera of fungi species (Altemaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, Cladosporium cladosporioides and threePenicillium spp.) grownin vitro. Similar growth inhibitions of these genera were produced by 0.5 raM iprodione, CPA and histidinol, but CPA was the most effective. The CPA sensitivities of the twoB. cinerea strains were different. Putrescine did not restore the fungal growth inhibited by CPA.